An initial idea of 'ecoina' was Ecotourism of Indonesia. It is hot issued since 2000s in Indonesia. on the way preparing this article, there are some constraints and limitations of the time to summarize all aspects of the program. In the end, the point of this article was changed and is determined based on the most important and fundamental to all activities of the program, the data base of the biodiversity in Indonesia. But anyway, here are some overviews have been set at the first and next will added by 'ecoina BASE', the ecological communication on Indonesia Biodiversity Database.
Most of Indonesian people have not known yet on these database, whereas they are urgent and essential in whole aspect of environmental issue arisen.
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| Eco tourism training for park manager |
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| Eco tourism training for park manager |
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| Eco tourism training for park manager |
Ecoina Overview
A late Soemarwoto (1985), an Indonesian professor and expert on environmental field, told that: ".... living environment has been issued since 50s decade and stick up in 1972, when United Nation (UN) held a conference on Environment issu in Stockholm, Switzerland. The conference has been decided to establish UNEP (United Nations Environmental
Programme). And it has a headquarter in Nairobi ,
Kenya . He also give an 'outloo'k to 'sustainable development' issue. He said “…..it is impossible that we (Indonesia) did a development without disturbed to environment sustainable. Then we must watched the effort in turn low quality of environment sustainability into high quality, in order that the high quality of environment ability into living support did not damage or destruct. It is called a 'Sustainable Development'.....".
To boost economic development with balanced growth (sustainable economic), tourism can be expected to play a decisive role and can serve as a catalyst for the development of other sectors develop gradually. Balanced growth for economic activity occurs as a result of advances in the growth of the tourism industry are well developed.
Yoeti (1982), states that "in 1965, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) stressed the need to help developing countries, although it should be considered how and consideration of the possibility of it. UNCTAD decision was confirmed by the consideration, that tourism is always going to be profitable for the improvement in the economy that developed countries ".
Other aspects that are considered important in economic policy, that the development of a regional area can be easily developed through tourism activities, particularly at the onset of urbanization as a result of an increasingly dense city raises many economic problems.
'Tourism' has been known since a long time in the world. Tourism, as the behavior of spending money to go from one place to the other to see the differences and see the uniqueness, have proven to be known in public life since about the 12th century. Of course, this is done by the upper class at the time, in which the upper classes have a lot of time, money, and interests on its way from one point to another.
The use of "travel" is estimated to come from the medieval English, which is "travail" which means feeling very sick and unhappy because of circumstances that are difficult and unpleasant (Suffering great hardship). Explanation of terms the word is very good and used up to now. Many people have written about the journey of Marco Polo, which he referred to as a tourist first in the world (Montalbano, 1996).
The word of "tourist" has been used since 1772 (Griffiths & Griffiths, 1772) and "tourism" is used since the 1811 (Harper, sa). In 1936, the League of Nations has been defining foreign tourists (foreign tourist) as "a person traveling go abroad for no less than 24 hours". Furthermore, the United Nations (the United Nations), have amended the term in 1945, by adding a limit on staying in one place is six (6) months (Theobald, 1998).
Various forms of travel has been widely introduced, ranging from City Tour , Nature-based Tourism, Culture-based Tourism, Eco-Tourism or Ecotourism and so on.
Laarman and Gregersen (1994) states that, in 1988, income of Developing Countries (Developing Country) on eco-tourism activities or nature-based tourism is estimated at a quarter of the overall tourist activity (the exact number of ¼ x $ 55 million).
While the World Tourism Organization (WTO) states that the acceptance of the advantage in the field of international travel increased to US $ 919 billion (€ 693 billion) in 2010. Based on the statistical data, the profit increased by 4.7% of revenues in 2009.
However Mathieson and Wall, 1982; Pleumarom, 1993; Norris, 1994 in Kinnaird, MF, 1996 describes it as follows: "... Tourism can have long-term negative effects on reserves and local communities if uncontrolled or improperly managed". Thus, everything that is related to tourism activities, either in general or nature-based tourism and eco-tourism have had become our responsibility to plan and manage it in a professional manner.
Indonesia launched a program just starting to seriously tour in the 1990s with the program proclaiming "Visit Indonesian Year 1991", and brought theJavan Rhino is a red-and-white striped shirt typical of the region of 'Madura' custo,. with gloved and shawl, as a mascot. Since 2008 until now, the program is converted into an imaginary eagle mascot by five colors (blue, orange, red, green and purple), which symbolizes the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Homeland. Program activities focus more on tourism development in general and the things associated with a significantly increased revenue.
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| Visit Indonesia Year 1991 mascot |
However, tourism activities related to special interests such as eco-tourism is still very limited, both in comprehension, organization, print publications, and online publications. The emerging is discourse or publication 'that resembles' the ecotourism activities. Very few and very limited, the activities related to the purposes and objectives of the eco-tourism. Tourist activities related to the protection and preservation of nature and its resources are obviously still very limited.
Aims and Objectives
The aim of the program is to manage information, socialize and promote all things related to eco-tourism in Indonesia. While the objectives of the program implementation are:
· To provide and give information on eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· To provides teaching methods (modules) and various forms of comprehensive guidelines for eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· To provide basic data (comprehensive database) on protected areas in Indonesia as a reference for eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· To provide basic data (comprehensive database) on biodiversity as a data source for eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· To provide basic data (comprehensive database) on cultural diversity (culture diversity) as a data source for eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· To increase the capacity of individuals and groups in terms of eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· To research, manage and monitor in areas that have the potential for eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· To provides standardization based on the laws and regulations that exist for eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· To analyze and determine the potential of natural resources for eco-tourism in Indonesia.
Output
· Complete information on eco-tourism in Indonesia.
· Modules and various forms of comprehensive guidelines for eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· Comprehensive data base on protected areas in Indonesia as a reference for eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· Comprehensive data base on Indonesia biodiversity as a data source for eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· Comprehensive data base on Indonesia cultures as a data source for eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· Increasing the expertise of individuals and groups in terms of eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· Location, places or potential areas for eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· Standard guidance under the laws and regulations for eco-tourism in Indonesia;
· Natural resource potentials (genetics potential resources) for eco-tourism in Indonesia.
Outcome
· Individuals, communities and interest groups to understand about eco tourism in Indonesia, which is supported by a comprehensive data on protected areas, biodiversity and cultural diversity in Indonesia.;
· Expert individuals and groups in the field of ecotourism in Indonesia increased;
· The availability individual and or group of experts in the field of potential eco-tourism sites in Indonesia;
· Clean and well-organized environment around and within the eco-tourism sites in Indonesia.
Goals and Achievements
· Individuals, communities and interest groups support and promote eco-tourism in Indonesia, which is supported by a comprehensive data on protected areas, biodiversity and cultural diversity in Indonesia.
Next Post
The next post will be on 'ecological communication on Indonesia Biodiversity Database. Database are focused into species, area conservation, and completed with Laws ad Regulation under the GOI.
References
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